Is there a significant difference in the proportion of cholesterol values greater than the mean of the control group between the 2

List of chapters Statement of the reason Background Study hugeness Description Methodology Limitations References Statement of the reason There is a noteworthy contrast in the extent of cholesterol esteems more noteworthy than the mean of the benchmark group between the 2-day, 4-day and 14-day coronary episode patients.Advertising We will compose a custom proposition test on Is there a critical distinction in the extent of cholesterol esteems more prominent than the mean of the benchmark group between the 2-day, 4-day, and 14-day? explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Background Heart assault cases have been related with the degree of cholesterol in a patient. Low-thickness lipoprotein cholesterol focus is factor that adds to improvement of atherosclerosis, which causes cardiovascular ailments (Brown Goldstein 1984). This infers with a decrease in the degree of HDL cholesterol in a patients’ blood, the higher the possibility of atherosclerosis. Then again, an expansion in the convergence of this cholesterol diminishes the danger of a coronary episode. Directing of a coronary illness treatment should be possible by expanding the degree of HDL-cholesterol. Thusly, a few investigations have connected cholesterol with cardiovascular ailments. As of now, cardiovascular failure treatment is related with the comprehension of cholesterol levels in a patient. Studies have shown the huge contrasts identifying with cholesterol levels in patients. The High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) has been seen as essentially low than the benchmark groups (Valappil, Chaudhary, Praveenkumar, Gopalakrishnan Girija, 2012). On the other hand, cardiovascular failure patients have been found to have a significant level convergence of LDL cholesterol. This has prompted a few ends that these two sorts of cholesterol can be related with the improvement of cardiovascular infections. Notwithstanding, with shifting outcomes, no examinations have put it certain that the degree of cholesterol is essentially extraordinary in the coronary episode patients and the benchmark groups. Study hugeness The investigation will be essential in deciding the huge contrast between the degree of cholesterol in coronary episode patients and the benchmark group. Last, the investigation will decide the huge distinction basing on 2-day, 4-day and 14-day patients contrasted with the benchmark group. Portrayal A correlation study led by Valappil et al. (2012) uncovered that diminished cholesterol in intracerebral discharge patients was essentially higher than that of the benchmark group, see table 1. Averagely, the all out cholesterol was altogether unique between the ICH patients and the benchmark group. The outcomes additionally demonstrated that LDH cholesterol was low in ICH patients than the benchmark group. This distinction was huge, not normal for, the distinction in the degree of HDL, which was demonstrated insignificant.Advertising Looking for proposition on wellbeing medication? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Table 1: mean cholesterol level in ICH patients and the Control bunch Control bunch 43% ICH patients 57% An examination via Carroll et al. (2005) demonstrated that the degree of cholesterol keeps on declining. The investigation was led in the United States by looking at the information from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 1988 to 2000. The normal cholesterol decrease was high in more established individuals than more youthful individuals. The decrease in HDL levels was unimportant, while that in LDL was critical. See fig. 1 and table 2. Fig. 1. A decrease in cholesterol level for old and youngsters in the United States with time Table 2: cholesterol decrease in more established individuals (20 and more established) Time Cholesterol level 1960-1962 223â mg/dL 1989-1994 Dropped from 223 to203â mg/dl 199-2000 Dropped from 129 to 123 mg/dl Methodology The examination will be led in the United States. The exploration configuration to be utilized will be a relative report, which thinks about cholesterol levels in 30 cardiovascular failure patients and 30 patients without coronary episodes. Persistent utilized will be of the white race. Purposive examining will be utilized to choose the example on the grounds that with utilization of other inspecting, it will be difficult to get a coronary episode understanding. Information will be broke down through diagrams and tables, utilizing rates and mean. Restrictions The examination is constrained to the white race in the United States. This will make it hard utilizing the ends on the dark race.Advertising We will compose a custom proposition test on Is there a noteworthy distinction in the extent of cholesterol esteems more prominent than the mean of the benchmark group between the 2-day, 4-day, and 14-day? explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Brown, M., Goldstein, J. L. (1984). How LDL receptors impact cholesterol and atherosclerosis. Sci Am,â 251, 58â€66. Carroll, M.D., Lacher, D.A., Sorlie, P. D., Cleeman, J.I., Gordon, D.J., Wolz, M., Grundy, S. M., Johnson, C.L. (2005). Patterns in Serum Lipids and Lipoproteins of Adults, 1960-2002. JAMA, 294(14), 1773-81. Valappil, A.A., Chaudhary, N.V., Praveenkumar, R., Girija, S. A. (2012). Low Cholesterol as a Risk Factor for Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhahage: A case Control Study. Ann Indian Acad Neurol., 15(1), 19-22. 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Why I wish to attend Virginia Commonwealth University Essay

Why I wish to go to Virginia Commonwealth University - Essay Example With regards to nature of training offered at VCU, I think there is nothing to stress over. It's a world class college, and I realize my endorsements will be perceived and regarded any place I wind up over this world. Therefore, I feel that is the opportune spot for me to examine. I built up this enthusiasm after a mid year visit to the grounds and interviews with different understudies who had moved on from this college. They understudies gave me an understanding of what life in this college is truly similar to. What's more, I preferred it. The security standard in this school, just as its closeness to my house is every one of the an additional preferred position. Crisis phones over the grounds give me a suspicion that all is well and good. It's hard to concentrate in a shaky domain. I wish to make a name for my self and I am persuaded that Virginia Commonwealth University will assist me with accomplishing this fantasy. The college's global understudy populace would likewise give me the benefit to concentrate in a socially differing condition. That implies I will learn about the way of life of various people groups without going out of this nation. In the wake of conversing with a delegate who went to my school to educate me about VCU, my goals were clear and I 'm prepared to go to VCU. He plainly drew out the upsides of learning at VCU contrasted and different colleges. They were simply tremendous. What's more, the thing that matters was totally clear. I just observed my fantasy college in VCU.

Chief Justice Rehnquist essays

Boss Justice Rehnquist papers William Hubbs Renquist was conceived in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, on October 1, 1924. William Rehnquist went to basic and secondary school in Shorewood, Wisconsin. He served in the United States Army Air Corps in this nation and abroad from 1943 to 1946. At that point was released with the position of sergeant. He was additionally instructed at Stanford and Harvard colleges. He went to Stanford University in 1948. At Stanford, he earned both a lone ranger and an ace of expressions degree in political theory. At that point he proceeded with his instruction at Harvard University in 1950. It was at Harvard where he got another ace of expressions degree just this time in government. At that point returned back to Stanford University. In the wake of getting his law degree from Stanford University in 1952, he filled in as law representative to Supreme Court Justice Robert H. Jackson for a year. He wedded Natalie Cornell in 1953, who was from San Diego, California. Rehnquist had three kids. Jam es who was conceived in 1955, Janet who was conceived in 1957, and Nancy who was conceived in 1959. The next year he went to Phoenix, where he specialized in legal matters and got engaged with traditionalist Republican governmental issues. He was a right hand U.S. lawyer general, from (196871), heading the workplace of lawful insight in the Department of Justice before being named a partner equity of the Supreme Court by President Nixon on October 21, 1971. He served for a long time as an Associate Justice. Until 1986, when Warren Burger resigned as boss equity, President Ronald Reagan named Rehnquist as Chief Justice of the United States. At that point he was confirmed on September 26, 1986. Rehnquist has made what perhaps the court's most moderate record of the most recent 25 years, casting a ballot reliably to decipher the court's purview barely. He is against the development of government powers. In clashes among government and state authority, Rehnquist for the most part favors states. As boss just ... <!

Why Everybody Is Wrong About Process Essay Examples

Why Everybody Is Wrong About Process Essay Examples The Hidden Truth About Process Essay Examples It's very useful to take writing apart so as to see just the way that it accomplishes its objectives. As the quantity of nominalizations rises, the reader's difficulty understanding also increases. Before learning how to compose a process essay of A level, it is crucial to define the expression. To begin with, find out more about the process you're likely to be explaining. The 30-Second Trick for Process Essay Examples The writing process is a detailed process that necessitates different phases of development to be able to construct an essay or paper. In case the teacher does not provide a particular topic, it means the students got lucky to pick the processes they know the very best. If you believe you are content with the stream of the essay which you have written, you might publish it with ease. The duration of the essay is usually dependent on the difficulty and number of steps it takes. The outline will provide you with the guidance you require, making the writing process simpler. For your body paragraphs, you just fill in the facts of the steps on your outline. For example, if your process essay is all about making the very best shepherd's pie, consider drafting a paragraph on the best way to make the filling below and another paragraph on the best way to create good mashed potatoes in addition to the lamb filling below. For example, if you're writing a how-to-paper about cooking pancakes, you ought to make a list of essential ingredients. Learn whatever you can regarding the recipe you're writing about. If for example, a recipe needs tomato sauce, the readers ought to be informed so. In the majority of cases, it's utilized to inform people that ar e new or inexperienced in the job. Now, there are a few individuals who might already have a notion about what to do with them. As you finalize your topic choice, don't forget to select a process you've completed many occasions and that you could explain to somebody else. Some folks would normally neglect to bring that at the close of the process essay. Up in Arms About Process Essay Examples? You're able to even locate a funny method to teach your readers how to modify their settings. Success can be decided either by the reader being in a position to attain the desired effects by following your directions or having a larger mastery of the process after reading your essay. An easy step-by-step site setup guide is a fantastic way to talk about your wisdom and ideas with the world. Furthermore, prepare the list of materials that you're going to suggest your readers. Regardless of what your topic is, you would like to make certain it's engaging to the reader. Very good examples of college essayscan now be located on the internet for beginners to take advantage of. Do each of the modifications until you attain the intended result. In the introduction part, you also will need to involve the reader into the practice of implementing certain endeavor. Lastly, the detail of true speech makes the scene pop. Provide the reader with some information regarding the length and intricacy of the process you're going to discuss. A process analysis essay denotes the form of academic writing, which has a thorough description of the specific process in the form of the step-by-step guide. For those who haven't already mastered the process, it's going to be really hard to learn and compose all at one time. Just make certain it's a PROCESS! Apparently, every method differs. Your paragraphs do not connect one another's meaning in addition to the full thought of your essay might be incomprehensible. Let's get going with a streak of process analysis essay topics that will help you on your way to an excellent process analysis essay. Bridget's essay is quite strong, but there continue to be a couple little things that could be made better. Stephen's essay is quite effective. To hand in a typical process essay, you'll need professional training on the best way to compose a process essay. To compose your essay, here's every step you will need to take. It's helpful, especially when you have not written such kinds of essay before. There's no ideal solution on the best way to compose an effective essay. Writing a process essay is quite easy, but only once you know the step-by-step approach which allows for crafting a brilliant paper. Getting Process essay examples is extremely effortless. Students can find a lot of examples of essays on the internet by going into the crucial keywords and phrases. They can get really creative with their ideas, as long as they put in the effort to make their essays easy to understand.

Turkmenistan Facts and History

Capital: Ashgabat, population 695,300 (2001 est.) Major Cities: Turkmenabat (formerly Chardjou), population 203,000 (1999 est.), Dashoguz (formerly Dashowuz), population 166,500 (1999 est.), Turkmenbashi (formerly Krasnovodsk), population 51,000 (1999 est.) More recent census figures are not yet available. Government of Turkmenistan Since its independence from the Soviet Union on October 27, 1991, Turkmenistan has been a nominally democratic republic, but there is only one approved political party: the Democratic Party of Turkmenistan. The president, who traditionally receives more than 90% of the vote in elections, is both head of state and head of the government. Two bodies make up the legislative branch: the 2,500-member Halk Maslahaty (Peoples Council), and the 65-member Mejlis (Assembly). The president heads both legislative bodies. All judges are appointed and supervised by the president. The current president is Gurbanguly Berdimuhammadov. Population of Turkmenistan Turkmenistan has approximately 5,100,000 citizens, and its population is growing about 1.6% annually. The largest ethnic group is the Turkmen, comprising 61% of the population. Minority groups include Uzbeks (16%), Iranians (14%), Russians (4%) and smaller populations of Kazakhs, Tatars, etc. As of 2005, the fertility rate was 3.41 children per woman. Infant mortality stood at about 53.5 per 1,000 live births. Official Language The official language of Turkmenistan is Turkmen, a Turkic language. Turkmen is closely related to Uzbek, Crimean Tatar, and other Turkic languages. Written Turkmen has gone through a vast number of different alphabets. Prior to 1929, Turkmen was written in the Arabic script. Between 1929 and 1938, a Latin alphabet was used. Then, from 1938 through 1991, the Cyrillic alphabet became the official writing system. In 1991, a new Latinate alphabet was introduced, but it has been slow to catch on. Other languages spoken in Turkmenistan include Russian (12%), Uzbek (9%) and Dari (Persian). Religion in Turkmenistan The majority of Turkmenistans people are Muslim, primarily Sunni. Muslims make up about 89% of the population. Eastern (Russian) Orthodox account for an additional 9%, with the remaining 2% unaffiliated. The brand of Islam practiced in Turkmenistan and other Central Asian states have always been leavened with pre-Islamic shamanist beliefs. During the Soviet era, the practice of Islam was officially discouraged. Mosques were torn down or converted, the teaching of the Arabic language outlawed, and mullahs were killed or driven underground. Since 1991, Islam has made a resurgence, with new mosques appearing everywhere. Turkmen Geography The area of Turkmenistan is 488,100 square km  or 303,292 square miles. It is slightly larger than the U.S. state of California. Turkmenistan borders the Caspian Sea to the west, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan to the north, Afghanistan to the southeast, and Iran to the south. Roughly 80% of the country is covered by the Karakum (Black Sands) Desert, which occupies central Turkmenistan. The Iranian border is marked by the Kopet Dag Mountains. Turkmenistans primary freshwater source is the Amu Darya River, (formerly called the Oxus). The lowest point is Vpadina Akchanaya, at -81 m. The highest is Gora Ayribaba, at 3,139 m. Climate of Turkmenistan The climate of Turkmenistan is classified as subtropical desert. In fact, the country has four distinct seasons. Winters are cool, dry and windy, with temperatures sometimes dropping below zero and occasional snow. Spring brings most of the countrys scant precipitation, with annual accumulations between 8 centimeters (3 inches) and 30 centimeters (12 inches). Summer in Turkmenistan is characterized by searing heat: temperatures in the desert can exceed 50 °C (122 °F). Autumn is pleasant - sunny, warm and dry. Turkmen Economy Some of the land and industry has been privatized, but Turkmenistans economy is still highly centralized. As of 2003, 90% of workers were employed by the government. Soviet-style output exaggerations and financial mismanagement keep the country mired in poverty, despite its vast stores of natural gas and oil. Turkmenistan exports natural gas, cotton, and grain. Agriculture depends heavily upon canal irrigation. In 2004, 60% of the Turkmen people lived below the poverty line. The Turkmen currency is called the manat. The official exchange rate is $1 U.S.: 5,200 manat. The street rate is closer to $1: 25,000 manat. Human Rights in Turkmenistan Under the late president, Saparmurat Niyazov (r. 1990-2006), Turkmenistan had one of the worst human rights records in Asia. The current president has instituted some cautious reforms, but Turkmenistan is still far from international standards. Freedom of expression and religion are guaranteed by the Turkmen Constitution  but dont exist in practice. Only Burma and North Korea have worse censorship. Ethnic Russians in the country face harsh discrimination. They lost their dual Russian/Turkmen citizenship in 2003, and cannot legally work in Turkmenistan. Universities routinely reject applicants with Russian surnames. History of Turkmenistan Indo-European tribes arrived in the area c. 2,000 B.C. The horse-centered herding culture that dominated the region until the Soviet Era developed at this time, as an adaptation to the harsh landscape. Turkmenistans recorded history starts around 500 B.C., with its conquest by the Achaemenid Empire. In 330 B.C., Alexander the Great defeated the Achaemenids. Alexander established a city on the Murgab River, in Turkmenistan, which he named Alexandria. The city later became Merv. Just seven years later, Alexander died; his generals divided up his empire. The nomadic Scythian tribe swept down from the north, driving out the Greeks and establishing the Parthian Empire (238 B.C. to 224 A.D.) in modern-day Turkmenistan and Iran. The Parthian capital was at Nisa, just west of the present-day capital of Ashgabat. In 224 A.D. the Parthians fell to the Sassanids. In northern and eastern Turkmenistan, nomadic groups including the Huns were migrating in from the steppe lands to the east. The Huns swept the Sassanids out of southern Turkmenistan, as well, in the 5th century A.D. As the Silk Road developed, bringing goods and ideas across Central Asia, Merv and Nisa became important oases along the route. The Turkmen cities developed into centers of art and learning. During the late 7th century, the Arabs brought Islam to Turkmenistan. At the same time, the Oguz Turks (the ancestors of modern Turkmen) were moving west into the area. The Seljuk Empire, with a capital at Merv, was established in 1040 by the Oguz. Other Oguz Turks moved to Asia Minor, where they would eventually establish the Ottoman Empire in what is now Turkey. The Seljuk Empire collapsed in 1157. Turkmenistan was then ruled by the Khans of Khiva for about 70 years, until the arrival of Genghis Khan. In 1221, the Mongols burned Khiva, Konye Urgench and Merv to the ground, slaughtering the inhabitants. Timur was equally ruthless when he swept through in the 1370s. After these catastrophes, the Turkmen were scattered until the 17th century. The Turkmen regrouped during the 18th century, living as raiders and pastoralists. In 1881, the Russians massacred the Teke Turkmen at Geok-Tepe, bringing the area under the Tsars control. In 1924, the Turkmen S.S.R. was founded. The nomadic tribes were forcibly settled onto farms. Turkmenistan declared its independence in 1991, under President Niyazov.

The Problem Of Dealing With Biased Decision Making

Employers regularly use job interviews as an integral part of the organization’s selection and recruitment processes, yet when meeting someone for the first time, our initial judgments are often clouded by biases (Rockawin, 2012). The following essay will explore the problem of dealing with biased decision-making in job interviews which is defined as the cognitive biases which are flaws in judgments that occurs in particular situations as a result of flawed perception of incoming information. (Hua, 2011). The â€Å"employment interview is a social interaction where the interviewer and applicant exchange and process the information gathered from each other† (Macan, 2009) and due to this, biased decision-making is a significant problem because people often make decisions based on information and advice from outside sources (Luan, Sorkin, Itzkowitz, 2004). Poor hiring decisions may occur if decision-makers allow these biases to affect their impartial, professional judgment s that could result in negative implications to the organisation (OPP, n.d.). The essay will propose two recommendations or interventions will be aimed at resolving this problem. The benefits and risks associated with each intervention will also be addressed. When strangers meet they are likely to form a reaction or deduce who they are with very limited information. This same situation can apply to both the interviewer and the interviewee when they meet for the first time in the job interview. Interviewers mayShow MoreRelatedEssay about Meanings of Intelligence and Adaptive Behavior1355 Words   |  6 Pagesknows and where they have deficits. One problem with assessing students with ID is the identification and classification of ID is that they differ greatly between states and is often inconsistent. 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It is important that educators and policy makers synergize to create solutions to give students with disabilities equitabl e experiences in the classroom to be successful regardless of race, ethnicity, and linguisticRead MoreCritical Analysis : Critical Thinking1245 Words   |  5 Pagessound, applicable or relevant to the situation (Gould, 2011). In fact, critical thinking skills are essential to make better informed and more balanced decisions. Also, it helps an individual in dealing with new risks and challenges more efficiently. According to Dash (2016), â€Å"critical thinking is an umbrella term that covers six key skills: problem-solving, analysis, creative thinking, interpretation, evaluation and reasoning.† In addition, the most of the critical thinking concepts are intuitiveRead MoreArtificial Intelligence : An Intelligent Computer Program1437 Words   |  6 PagesHumans have developed a wonderful fascination with artificial intelligence since it first introduced to the world in the 1950’s. The Merriam-Webster defined Artificial Intelligence as â€Å"a branch of computer scien ce dealing with the simulation of intelligent behavior in computers.† Another definition is â€Å"the capability of a machine to imitate intelligent human behavior.† Computer science was cool on its own but to incorporate human intelligence into it sounded like a group breaking idea. There wouldRead MoreClient Paper BSHS 3051192 Words   |  5 Pagestheir needs and even know them before going to provide the services to them. 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The public views mental health as an unspeakable issue, calling people who suffer from it crazy or attentionRead MoreEssay on Internal Auditing and What It Entalis1137 Words   |  5 Pagestransactions and the greater size of organisations the old definition and function was not effective and not achieving much of what it was intended for. It can be said they were becoming less effective as their skills were becoming outdated and as problems too became complex with the complexity of the transactions which resulted in the new definition and role of an Internal Auditor. It was then that Internal Auditing developed or became more efficient in being â€Å"the eyes and ears â€Å"of management becauseRead MoreMandatory Minimum Sentences For Nonviolent Drug Related Offences1031 Words   |  5 Pagesare disproportionately arrested, convicted, and sentenced. The mandatory minimum sentencing laws were passed as an effort to combat the war on drugs, with the anticipation that it would lock away high-level drug lords and discourage others from dealing drugs. However, the law requires judges to issue unwarranted, lengthy sentences without regard to the facts of the case. As a result, the law has overpopulated our prisons with nonviolent, low-level drug offenders, while the high-level drug lordsRead MoreEthics And The Separation Of Law And Morals1257 Words   |  6 Pagesaccountable for their actions whether they adhered to the laws of the day or not. Hart first introduces the â€Å"grudge informer† case where a German court, in 1949, made the decision to prosecute a woman for illegally depriving her husband of his liberty, by handing him over, under false pretenses, to the German authorities for making insulting remarks about Hitler. Though her actions were punishable in 1949, they were not in 1944, under the Nazi regime. Her defense was that she acted according to theRead MoreCourtroom Observation Experience Involved Watching Four Trials1685 Words   |  7 Pageswonder about the effect of court system on adolescent offenders their reintegration into society. I also question the effectiveness of the defense that public defenders provide. My last thought involves the possibility that judges may be biased in making their decisions. One of the things that stood out to me in the first trial was the fact that the defendant had already spent 26 days in jail. I also found it interesting that a second prosecutor walked in, bowed, and continued to sit down in the middle

Womans Rights free essay sample

Over the course of the last 200 years women’s roles have undergone a number of political and social transitions. From having little to no â€Å"control over their own lives† (Applebee) to gaining equality in the political and social arenas, the historical study of women in the United States is one without comparison. In the early to mid 1800’s women played a minimal role in life. They had little education; after marriage they were to stay at home and only do housework. They could not vote, be a part of the jury, had little education, and no employment. In 1836, the first women abolitionists appeared: Sarah and Angelina Emily Grimke. Angelina wrote An Appeal to Christian Women of the South. This called upon women to overthrow this horrible system of oppression and cruelty. Very few men supported their movement. The next movement was the Temperance Movement. This movement was the effort to prohibit the drinking of alcohol. We will write a custom essay sample on Womans Rights or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the 19th century; alcohol was used for everything but very few people saw drunkenness as a problem; yet, those behind the temperance movement did. â€Å"They held rallies, produced pamphlets, and brought about a decline in consumption of alcohol that would continue into the 1860s† (Bowes). Girls had few education opportunities; it was said â€Å"if women knew chemistry enough to have ‘the water boil in a pot’ was enough for women† (Bowes). The first women’s school was opened in 1821. In 1837 higher education was offered for women. African American women were forced out of schools and some schools were shut down if they provided education for black women. Towards the mid 19th century, educated women began health reforms. Research found that for every four women three were ill and one was healthy. The tight, multi-layered clothing and hot weather made it unhealthy for women. It was recommended that the women wear looser clothing; men were outraged and repulsed when women began to wear pants. Women’s rights emerged in the mid 19th century. Many reform movements fed the growth of the women’s movement. It provided women with increased opportunities to act outside their homes. The first women’s rights convention was held in New York; it was named Seneca Falls. Nearly 300 women and men gathered at Wesleyan Methodist Church. Lucy Stone’s sister wrote,â€Å"I can’t vote, but what care I for that, I would not if I could† (Bowes). The Sojourner Truth was the next act for women’s rights. The conditions for slaves worsened, so Isabella Baumfree took the name Sojourner Truth. She decided to sojourn or travel around the country spreading the word of abolition. She argued with others in women’s rights because she believed in abolition. Truth won the argument with her speech, which urged men to support women’s rights. In the 1960s, new women’s movements arose with feminism. Feminism is â€Å"the belief that women should have economic, political, and social equality with men† (Bowes). This won women’s right to vote in 1920, though women’s rights declined after this achievement but reopened in the 1960s. In the 1950s one out of three women worked wages, and women’s opportunities opened but they were still very shut out. Womens jobs paid very poorly, but by 1960s women wages increased by 40 percent. Most jobs for women were clerical work, domestic service, retail sales, social work, teaching, and nursing. Women were often pushed to the side until President Kennedy addressed the problem in 1961. â€Å"As the women’s rights grew, it achieved remarkable and enduring political and social gains for women† (Bowes). In 1963, Betty Friedan wrote the book The Feminine Mystique, this book encouraged housewives to begin meeting to discuss their lives and their roles in society. In 1966 a group was established named National Organization for Women (NOW). This group of women fought for the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Their goal was â€Å"to take action to bring American women into full participation in the main stream of American society now† (Cayton et al). They wanted fair pay and equal job opportunities; they wanted more balance in marriages. This was the fastest growing group in women rights. Congress passed the Equal Rights Amendments in 1972. This amendment states that women and men would share the same and equal rights; this was said to be â€Å"simple justice† (Bowes). A Stop ERA campaign was started in 1972. Phyllis Schlafly believed that ERA would lead to a â€Å"parade of horribles,† like drafting women, laws protecting homemakers, the end of husband’s responsibility to provide for their family, and same sex marriages. In order to get rid of ERA and pro-abortion supporters, conservatives formed the â€Å"pro-family† movement or the New Right. The New Rights and Women’s Rights clashed over ERA, but by 1977 women’s rights had the approval of 35 of the 38 states needed for the movement. By 1982, ERA had went down in defeat. In 1983, women’s rights held 13. 5 percent of elected state offices as well as 24 seats in the United States Congress.

Cultural conflict Review Essay Example

Cultural conflict Review Paper Essay on Cultural conflict Sentimental genre in modern times booming. Such an abundance of new authors, hitherto unknown name that eyes just run away. Of course, I understand that the amount this is not quality, but by trial and error, I am still looking for its author, who does not simply translate paper, namely to create something worthwhile. And so I got up and creativity Elena Ronin and its collection of cultural conflict. All impressions, according to tradition, at the pros and cons, I report below. Lets start with the title. In general, it has played a key role in the choice of this particular book. Imagination painted a hundred interpretations of the name, which means that it has been selected by more than just successful. Plus. When it comes to the manner of narration, here I was waiting for the first surprise. By the way, very, very nice. From the first page, I was fascinated by literary language used. This, to my great regret, a rarity these days. Most of the authors of the sentimental genre are committed as it is possible to use a perverted Russian language, calling it a modernist or a new trend. Although, in fact, this is a common ignorance. But it is not about them it. Ronin for high-quality narrative put the second plus. We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural conflict Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural conflict Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural conflict Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As for the collection, here, for me personally, it is expected first and foremost a disappointment. Yes, all described by the author sets recognizable, and I would even say, painfully familiar. Ronin was not engaged in reinventing the wheel, but simply describes a simple, and at times even very simple stories of life. It would seem that it is good, read it yourself, without straining your brain. However, here it is a passive reading, even at the n-th minute starts quietly annoying. I agree that the work Ronin clean, free from now fashionable cult action scenes or the abundance of nude. But it is not just pure fiction, it is sterile. Sickeningly delicate and gentle to shiver, firmly obey the moral described. After reading, you develop a strong feeling that the author is still retained a childlike and unsophisticated plain view and the feeling of this world. This is not a bad thing, but in the literature, and especially in the collection of diverse stories I want to at least some move ment, though some are not forced a bleached morality. For me, its a minus, and very significant. With such a high-quality manner submission of their ideas, I want to and quality of the plot. To each successive story was read avidly, to have something to take home. And that is something that was not intrusive good, namely, moral life. Wherefore I put two minuses one after the monotony of action, for the second -. Excessive simplicity and kindness pesky pins The decisive plus, and it is the third, I would like to put behind the story Musician. It was he who touched me deeply, and that is what I inadvertently reread several times. In summary, I can say that until I developed a certain impression about the work of this author. On the way, another book, yet she was already in the next time. And for the cultural conflict 3 on a 5-point scale. All interested pleasant reading!

Practice in Punctuating Adjective Clauses

Practice in Punctuating Adjective Clauses After reading the article on Subordination With Adjective Clauses, review the guidelines below and then complete the punctuation exercise that follows. Guidelines for Punctuating Adjective Clauses These three guidelines should help you decide when to set off an adjective clause (also called a relative clause) with commas: Adjective clauses beginning with that are never set off from the main clause with commas. Food that has turned green in the refrigerator should be thrown away. Adjective clauses beginning with who or which should not be set off with commas if omitting the clause would change the basic meaning of the sentence. Students who turn green should be sent to the infirmary. Because we dont mean that all students should be sent to the infirmary, the adjective clause is essential to the meaning of the sentence. For this reason, we dont set off the adjective clause with commas.Adjective clauses beginning with who or which should be set off with commas if omitting the clause would not change the basic meaning of the sentence. Last weeks pudding, which has turned green in the refrigerator, should be thrown away. Here the which clause provides added but not essential information, and so we set it off from the rest of the sentence with commas. Practice in Punctuating Adjective Clauses In the following sentences, add commas to set off adjective clauses that provide additional, but not essential, information. Dont add commas if the adjective clause affects the basic meaning of the sentence. When youre done, compare your answers with those on page two. Caramel de Lites which are cookies sold by the Girl Scouts contain 70 calories each.These are the times that try mens souls.I refuse to live in any house that Jack built.I left my son at the campus day-care center which is available to all full-time students with young children.Students who have young children are invited to use the free day-care center.A physician who smokes and overeats has no right to criticize the personal habits of her patients.Gus who gave Merdine a bouquet of ragweed has been exiled to the storm cellar for a week.Professor Legree lost his only umbrella which he has owned for 20 years.Healthy people who refuse to work should not be given government assistance.Felix who was once a hunter in the Yukon stunned the roach with one blow from a newspaper. Answers to Adjective Clauses Questions Caramel de Lites, which are cookies sold by the Girl Scouts, contain . . ..(no commas)(no commas)Â  . . . day-care center, which is available to all full-time students with young children.(no commas)(no commas)Gus, who gave Merdine a bouquet of ragweed, has . . ... . . umbrella, which he has owned for 20 years.(no commas)Felix, who was once a hunter in the Yukon, stunned . . ..

Leading in the Darkness and the Light - Answers Essay

Leading in the Darkness and the Light - Answers - Essay Example As the rescue went on, the miners demonstrated different forms of leadership. First, there was evidence of servant leadership as one of the miners who was a trained paramedic went about helping his colleagues and giving advice on what they should do. That demonstrated empathy, which is a characteristic of servant leaders (Northouse 220). Also, the shift foreman demonstrated servant leadership as he made sure he was the last to come up. The miner that used humor demonstrated transformational leadership as he tried to motivate the rest and keep their morale up (Northouse 186). The pastor demonstrated authentic leadership as he remained hopeful and kept their hope up during the time. Above the ground, there was a demonstration of various forms of leadership. President Pinera demonstrated authentic leadership as demonstrated by his optimism and commitment to the rescue (Humphrey 259). Mining Minister Golborne, on his part, proved to be a servant leader. That was evident from the empathy he showed towards the trapped miners as he spent most of the time at the site. Engineer Sougarret led the drilling project. In the process, he enabled creativity as his team sought different ways to locate the miners. He thus demonstrated transformational leadership. Unlike the case of Hurricane Katrina and the BP oil spill, the miners’ crisis in Chile saw the government take responsibility. The President and his Mining Minister took over the rescue operation as contrasted to the US situation where the Government left that to someone else. Unlike the US cases where the operation moved from one solution to the other, the Chilean rescue had some organization and control. There was a plan A, and B. They had a plan and knew the steps they would take. To keep things running, the mining Minister was ever present at the site and the President made an appearance from time to time. That was not the case in the case of Hurricane Katrina and the BP oil spill.  

What are the characteristics of the Mediterranean welfare state and Essay

What are the characteristics of the Mediterranean welfare state and what particular challenges do they face (Politics) - Essay Example Such a model of governance has been applied in varying degrees and forms throughout the world; however, the largest concentration of these has been noted within the continent of Europe. As a function of the horrors of the Second World War and a long history of social activism, many nations within the European model is the most developed form of the welfare state in existence in the world today. Although it may be simple and concise to simply lump all of these welfare states in together as a means of better understanding their core components and the ways in which they interact within the lives of their citizens, such an approach would necessarily miss many of the nuances that different cultures that and economic realities have with respect to the way the welfare state itself is exhibited. As a function of this, the following brief analysis will seek to consider the ways in which the so-called â€Å"Mediterranean Welfare states† differ from those that are in place throughout mu ch of the rest of Europe and indeed throughout the rest of the world. In this way, it is the hope of this author that such a level of analysis will help the reader to come to a better understanding of the social and economic externalities that define the way that these respective governments interact with their shareholders (Bover, 2011). Moreover, as a function of this level of critique and review, the author will also seek to provide a level of critique with regards to the challenges that such systems face as a function of the policies and actions that define them. Accordingly, such a report will include a high degree of economic analysis and consideration as a means of trying to understand the ways in which the central governments of these nations seek to divide and redistribute wealth while at the same time balancing job creation, FDI, and labour demands that define the

Disease Profile Copd Essay Example for Free

Disease Profile Copd Essay Pipe, cigar, and other types of tobacco smoke also can cause COPD, especially if the smoke is inhaled. Breathing in secondhand smoke, air pollution, and chemical fumes or dust from the environment or workplace also can contribute to COPD. (Secondhand smoke is smoke in the air from other people smoking. ) In rare cases, a genetic condition called alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency may play a role in causing COPD. People who have this condition have low levels of alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT)—a protein made in the liver. Having a low level of the AAT protein can lead to lung damage and COPD if youre exposed to smoke or other lung irritants. If you have this condition and smoke, COPD can worsen very quickly. Signs and symptoms: The signs and symptoms of COPD include: * An ongoing cough or a cough that produces large amounts of mucus (often called smokers cough) * Shortness of breath, especially with physical activity * Wheezing (a whistling or squeaky sound when you breathe) * Chest tightness These symptoms often occur years before the flow of air into and out of the lungs declines. However, not everyone who has these symptoms has COPD. Likewise, not everyone who has COPD has these symptoms. Some of the symptoms of COPD are similar to the symptoms of other diseases and conditions. You can find out whether you have COPD. If you have COPD, you may have colds or the flu (influenza) frequently. If your COPD is severe, you may have swelling in your ankles, feet, or legs; a bluish color on your lips due to a low blood oxygen level; and shortness of breath. COPD symptoms usually slowly worsen over time. At first, if symptoms are mild, you may not notice them, or you may adjust your lifestyle to make breathing easier. For example, you may take the elevator instead of the stairs. Over time, symptoms may become severe enough to see a doctor. For example, you may get short of breath during physical exertion. How severe your symptoms are depends on how much lung damage you have. If you keep smoking, the damage will occur faster than if you stop smoking. In severe COPD, you may have other symptoms, such as weight loss and lower muscle endurance. Some severe symptoms may require treatment in a hospital. You—with the help of family members or friends, if youre unable—should seek emergency care if: * Youre having a hard time catching your breath or talking. * Your lips or fingernails turn blue or gray. This is a sign of a low oxygen level in your blood. ) * Youre not mentally alert. * Your heartbeat is very fast. * The recommended treatment for symptoms that are getting worse isnt working. Diagnostic Procedures: Your doctor will diagnose COPD based on your signs and symptoms, your family and medical histories, and test results. He or she may ask whethe r you smoke or have had contact with lung irritants, such as secondhand smoke, air pollution, chemical fumes, or dust. If you have an ongoing cough, your doctor may ask how long youve had it, how much you cough, and how much mucus comes up when you cough. He or she also may ask whether you have a family history of COPD. Your doctor will examine you and use a stethoscope to listen for wheezing or other abnormal chest sounds. You also may need one or more tests to diagnose COPD. Lung Function Test: Lung function tests measure how much air you can breathe in and out, how fast you can breathe air out, and how well your lungs deliver oxygen to your blood. The main test for COPD is spirometry. Other lung function tests, such as a lung diffusion capacity test, also may be used. Spirometry; During this painless test, a technician will ask you to take a deep breath in. Then, youll blow as hard as you can into a tube connected to a small machine. The machine is called a spirometer. The machine measures how much air you breathe out. It also measures how fast you can blow air out. Your doctor may have you inhale medicine that helps open your airways and then blow into the tube again. He or she can then compare your test results before and after taking the medicine. Spirometry can detect COPD long before its symptoms appear. Doctors also may use the results from this test to find out how severe your COPD is and to help set your treatment goals. The test results also may help find out whether another condition, such as asthma or heart failure, is causing your symptoms. Other Tests Your doctor may recommend other tests, such as: * A chest x ray or chest CT scan. These tests create pictures of the structures inside your chest, such as your heart, lungs, and blood vessels. The pictures can show signs of COPD. They also may show whether another condition, such as heart failure, is causing your symptoms. * An arterial blood gas test. This blood test measures the oxygen level in your blood using a sample of blood taken from an artery. The test can help find out how severe your COPD is and whether you may need oxygen therapy. Treatment – Medical/Nursing: COPD has no cure yet. However, treatments and lifestyle changes can help you feel better, stay more active, and slow the progress of the disease. Quitting smoking is the most important step you can take to treat COPD. Talk with your doctor about programs and products that can help you quit. Other treatments for COPD may include medicines, vaccines, pulmonary rehabilitation (rehab), oxygen therapy, and surgery. Your doctor also may recommend tips for managing COPD complications. The goals of COPD treatment include: * Relieving your symptoms * Slowing the progress of the disease * Improving your exercise tolerance (your ability to stay active) * Preventing and treating complications * Improving your overall health Specialists Involved To assist with your treatment, your family doctor may advise you to see a pulmonologist. This is a doctor who specializes in treating people who have lung disorders. Medicines Bronchodilators Bronchodilators relax the muscles around your airways. This helps open your airways and makes breathing easier. Depending on how severe your disease is, your doctor may prescribe short-acting or long-acting bronchodilators. Short-acting bronchodilators last about 4 to 6 hours and should be used only when needed. Long-acting bronchodilators last about 12 hours or more and are used every day. Most bronchodilators are taken using a device called an inhaler. This device allows the medicine to go right to your lungs. Not all inhalers are used the same way. Ask your health care team to show you the correct way to use your inhaler. If your COPD is mild, your doctor may only prescribe a short-acting inhaled bronchodilator. In this case, you may only use the medicine when symptoms occur. If your COPD is moderate or severe, your doctor may prescribe regular treatment with short- and long-acting bronchodilators. Inhaled Glucocorticosteroids (Steroids) Inhaled steroids are used to treat people whose COPD symptoms flare up or worsen. These medicines may reduce airway inflammation. Your doctor may ask you to try inhaled steroids for a trial period of 6 weeks to 3 months to see whether the medicine helps relieve your breathing problems. Vaccines Flu Shots The flu (influenza) can cause serious problems for people who have COPD. Flu shots can reduce your risk of the flu. Talk with your doctor about getting a yearly flu shot. Pneumococcal Vaccine This vaccine lowers your risk of pneumococcal pneumonia (nu-MO-ne-ah) and its complications. People who have COPD are at higher risk of pneumonia than people who dont have COPD. Talk with your doctor about whether you should get this vaccine. Pulmonary Rehabilitation Pulmonary rehabilitation, or rehab, is a medically supervised program that helps improve the health and well-being of people who have lung problems. Rehab may include an exercise program, disease management training, and nutritional and psychological counseling. The programs goal is to help you stay more active and carry out your daily activities. Your rehab team may include doctors, nurses, physical therapists, respiratory therapists, exercise specialists, and dietitians. These health professionals work together and with you to create a program that meets your needs. Oxygen Therapy If you have severe COPD and low levels of oxygen in your blood, oxygen therapy can help you breathe better. For this treatment, youre given oxygen through nasal prongs or a mask. You may need extra oxygen all the time or just sometimes. For some people who have severe COPD, using extra oxygen for most of the day can help them: * Do tasks or activities, while having fewer symptoms * Protect their hearts and other organs from damage * Sleep more during the night and improve alertness during the day * Live longer Prognosis: COPD, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is a disease of the lungs that develops over many years and gradually gets worse with time. When you have COPD your airways become persistently blocked, which can eventually make breathing difficult. More than 12 million Americans have been diagnosed with it, and another 12 million might have COPD without knowing it. COPD encompasses two diseases commonly caused by smoking: emphysema and chronic bronchitis. It’s the fourth leading cause of death in the U. S. But while COPD cant be cured, there are steps you can take to improve symptoms, prevent complications such as pneumonia, and improve your quality of life. Just like people living with heart disease, people with COPD can make changes to their lifestyle to vastly improve how they feel and function each day. Here are five important measures to discuss with your doctor:Â   1. Stop Smoking Cigarette smoking is the most significant reason that people develop COPD. While kicking the habit wont return your lungs to normal condition, it will delay progression of symptoms because the rate of decline of lung function returns to that of nonsmokers. In susceptible people, smoking accelerates the lung function decline of aging. Your lungs will age faster, and if you stop smoking, you go back to normal aging, says Gail Weinmann, MD, deputy director for the Division of Lung Diseases at the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. Its also a good idea to avoid crowds during flu season. Because COPD leaves a person more prone to pneumonia, patients also should talk to their doctors about also getting the pneumococcal vaccine, Weinmann says. 4. Seek Regular Medical Care and Take Medications as Directed Your doctor can prescribe drugs, such as bronchodilators and corticosteroids, to treat your symptoms. Bronchodilators, which are usually delivered through an inhaler, relax muscles around your airways. This, in turn, opens them up and eases breathing. Inhaled corticosteroids fight inflammation in the airways. Patients with COPD frequently have other health problems, too, such as heart disease, vascular diseases, gastroesophageal reflux (GERD), and type 2 diabetes, Weinmann says. People with COPD are likely to have other diseases, and its important that they treat all of their diseases. In fact, heart disease and COPD share overlapping symptoms, which can lead people to mistakenly attribute heart disease to lung disease. According to Weinmann, these shared symptoms include shortness of breath, including breathlessness when exercising or waking up at night, and sometimes a sensation of chest tightness. 5. Consider a Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program and Learn to Exercise Your doctor may suggest a pulmonary rehabilitation program. Such programs wont actually improve lung function, but they can help people with COPD to stay more active and independent. Youll learn exercises to strengthen your arms and legs, as well as exercises that aim to strengthen muscles for breathing. Pulmonary rehab includes a variety of exercises for the lower and upper extremities, as well as breathing techniques and counseling, Weinmann says. Some patients feel reluctant to join a pulmonary rehab program, but Weinmann encourages them to try it. Once the lung is damaged, it doesnt really ever repair itself, so its very important that individuals stay in good shape in every way that they can. Its very common for patients with COPD to become deconditioned. Its hard for them to breathe, so the tendency is to not do anything at all. Reconditioning their muscles and their heart can make them feel a lot better. Some p atients feel that they have greatly benefited from it [rehab], she adds. It has improved their quality of life and their exercise ability. You have to keep at it. Its not something that you can do once.

Behavioral and Side Effects of Caffeine :: Coffee Caffeine Science Chemistry Research Papers

Behavioral and Side Effects of Caffeine Caffeine is the most consumed psychoactive drug in the world (Solinas et al, 2002). Caffeine has been known to have many side effects on hour external behavior and our internal physiological behavior. We use caffeine in our lives to sometimes stay awake to study or just get through the day. Caffeine decreases the blood flow to the brain by constricting the blood vessels but can also increase blood flow after continuous intake that may cause headaches (Kalat, 2004). Caffeine has a tendency to block adenosine (A1-, A2A-, A2B-, A3), which increases throughout the day to allow us to sleep and then decreases as we sleep which allows us to wake. Thus, if caffeine blocks adenosine we are unable to sleep when feeling the urge or wanting to sleep, which may cause us to decrease our caffeine intake. Caffeine acts to antagonize adenosine receptors, which then affects cell populations because it counteracts many adenosine effects. The caffeine mainly has an effect on the A2a adenosine receptors which then elevates the energy metabolism in the brain and also causes a decrease in cerebral blood flow (Cameron,et.al, 1990; Ghelardini, et.al, 1997; Nehliget.al,1992; Neuhauser-Berthold et.al, 1997). Along with caffeine affecting the adenosine it also has an effect on GABA receptors and the release of dopamine (Nehlig et.al, 1992). Caffeine not only blockades adenosine it also releases intracellular calcium, inhibits phosphodiesterases and blockade or regulatory sites of GABAa-receptors (Gupta and Gupta, 1999). Withdrawal symptoms of caffeine are headache, drowsiness, fatigue and lethargy (Gupta and Gupta, 1999). Dopamine and glutamate neurotransmission is modulated by adenosine in the striatum. Adenosine A1 in the nerve terminals inhibits dopamine and glutamate from being released. Caffeine has an effect in this system by antagonizing of adenosine, which can then stimulate neurotransmitters to release dopamine and stimulate dopamine receptors (Solinas et al, 2002). A study done on rats showed that caffeine increased extracelluar concentrations of dopamine and glutamate in the shell of the nucleus accumbens (Solinas et al, 2002). These results of dopamine and glutamate in the shell of the nucleus accumbens might be related to the psycho stimulant effects of caffeine (Solinas et al, 2002). Studies show that Dopamine2 receptors are needed for caffeine activation in the brain (Zahniseret al, 2000). Adenosine receptors, dopamine receptors and GABA have been shown in studies to be involved in

Extensive Reading Essay

There are many experts who give the definition of reading. One of them is Aebersold and Field. They say: â€Å"†¦ , reading is what happens when people look at a text and assign meaning to the written symbols in that text, further, the text and the reader are the two physical entities necessary for the reading process to begin (1997: 15). † It means that when someone sees written symbols in a text, there will be something visualized on the reader’s mind. This process is called reading. Another expert, Williams (1999: 2) states that reading is a process whereby one looks at and understands what has been written. In line with Williams, Heilman (1961: 8) says that reading is a process of getting meaning from printed word symbols. It is not merely a process of making conventionalized noises associated with these symbols. In line with them, De Boer and Dallmann (1982: 23) say that reading is a process involving meaningful reaction to printed symbols. Wallace, in his book entitled â€Å"Reading† adds that reading is interpreting which means reacting to a written text as a piece of communication (1996: 4). These four definitions have the same point. The point is that reading is a process of getting the meaning of written text and giving reaction of it as the form of communication between the reader and the writer. Different from some experts above, Davies defines reading from the other point of view. He says that reading is a private. It is a mental or cognitive process which involves a reader in trying to follow and respond to a message from a writer, who is in distant space and time (1995: 1). It means that reading activity connects the reader and the writer although they live in different places and life in different period. Reading is a mental cognitive process, so as the result of this activity the reader is able to give responses about the text’s message. Because reading is a private activity, the process of reading and responding is not directly observable. Most events told in written texts are past experiences; either it is the writer’s experiences or the others’. The success of reading activity is depending on the reader’s ability to visualize it in order to be able to understand and interpret its meaning. Dealing with this fact, Kennedy says: Reading is ability of an individual to recognize a visual form associate the form with a sound and/or meaning acquired in the past, and on the basis of past experience, understand and interpret its meaning (1981: 5). Another expert, Grellet (1981: 7), defines reading as a constant process of guessing, and what one brings to the text is often more important than what one finds in it. It means that before the reader reads the text, he guessed the content of the text and he had already had his own concept. After he reads the text, the reader relates his own concept with the text’s message. Based on some definitions above, it can be concluded that reading is the process of bringing a concept to the text and relating it with the meaning got from the text, in which it is usually a past experience, visualizing it, understanding it, and giving responses as interpretation of this process. Kennedy (1981: 188) says that comprehension is the ability of one to find, interpret, and use ideas. Then, in Oxford Advanced Learner’s dictionary, comprehension is defined as a power to understand something (Hornby, 1995: 235). According to these two definitions, it can be said that comprehension is the ability to understand something through finding interpreting, and using ideas. In line with the statement above, it can be concluded that reading comprehension is the ability to get the meaning of written symbols, visualize it, and give responses as the interpretation of this process. Narrative text There are some approaches in teaching reading; one of them is genre based approach. According to Hartono (2005:4) the term â€Å"genre† is used to refer to particular text-types, not to traditional varieties of literature. It means that genre is a type or kind of text, defined in terms of its social purposes; also the level of context dealing with social purposes. Based on the communicative purpose, Pardiyono (2007:93-98) classifies the text into eleven types, they are; description, recount, narration, procedure, explanation, discussion, exposition, news item, report, anecdote, and review. However in this study, the text will be focused on the narrative text. Considering the social function, generic structure, and language features of narrative text, narrative text can be defined as a text which tells about past activities or event which concerns on the problematic experience and resolution in order to amuse and even give the moral messages to the reader. The explanation about social function, generic structure, and language features of narrative text is as follow: 1. Social function The social function of a text is quite similar with the purpose of the text. Related to narrative text, the social function is to amuse, entertain and to deal with actual or various experience in different ways. 2. Generic structure The generic structure of narrative text consits of three parts, those are orientation, complication, resolution, and sometimes completed by coda. The further explanation about these parts of narrative text is as follow: a. Orientation Orientation is the introduction of the text. It includes what is inside the text, what the text talks in general, who involves in the text, when and where it happen. b. Complication. In complication, the text talks about what happens with the participants. It explores the conflict among the participants. Complication is the main element of narrative. Without complication, the text is not narrative. The conflict can be shown as natural, social or psychological conflict. c. Resolution Resolution is the end of narrative text. This is the phase where the participants solve the problem aroused by the conflict. It is not matter whether the participants succeed or fail. The point is the conflict becomes ended. 3. Language features According to Hartono (2005:7), the language features used in narrative  text are: a. Focus on specific participants b. Use of past tense c. Use of temporal conjunction d. Use of material (or action) processes Video as Media in Teaching 1. Media a. The Definition of Media Etymologically, the word â€Å"media† comes from Latin language â€Å"medius†. Literally, it means mediator or companion. Media is the messages mediator or companion from the sender to the receiver (Arsyad, 2005:3) Association for education and communication technology (AECT) in Sadiman (2002:6) defines media as all forms and lines which are used by people to convey information. According to Gagne, media is many kinds of components in students’ environment that can stimulate them to study (Sadiman dkk, 2002:6). Based on those definitions above, it can be concluded that media are all things that can be used to deliver the message from sender to receiver so it can stimulate the mind, feeling, attention, and students’ interest in order to attain the teaching and learning process. b. Kinds of Media Media can be classified into three categories: visual, audio, and audio visual. (http://edu-articles. com) 1) Visual media. There are two kinds of visual media; those are unprojected media and projected media. a) Unprojected media Unprojected media can be divided into: (1) Realia or real thing. The object must not be presented in class, but students should be able to see and observe them. For example the students observe the ecosystem, plant, the diversity of living thing, et cetera. This media is able to give real experiences to the students. (2) Model. Model is the imitation of real thing presented in three dimension form as substitution of the real thing. This media helps the teacher to present the object that cannot be brought into the class, for example digestion system, respiration system, excretion system, et cetera. (3) Graphic. The functions of graphic are to catch the students’ attention, clarify the lesson, and illustrate the fact or forgettable concept. There are many kinds of graphic, such as picture, sketch, scheme, chart, and graph. b) Projected media There are two types of projected media: (1) Transparency of OHP. This is stated as the real media because the teacher must not change the lay out of the class and still able to face the students. Transparency media includes software (OHT) and hardware (OHP). (2) Bordered film or slide. This is a transparent film that usually has measurement of 35mms and border 2Ãâ€"2 inches. The use of this media is the same as OHP, but the visualization of this media is better than OHP. 2) Audio media There are two kinds of audio media that are commonly used: a) Radio. Radio is electronic tool that can be used to listen to the news, new important events, life problems, et cetera. b) Audio cassette. This tool is cheaper than the other because the supplying and the treatment cost are relatively cheap. 3) Audio visual media There are many kinds of audio visual tool: a) Video. This is one kind of audio visual media, besides film. In learning process, this tool is usually presented in the form of VCD. b) Computer. This tool has all the benefit of the other media. Computer is able to show text, picture, sound and picture, and can also be used interactively. Even, computer can be connected to internet to browse the unlimited learning sources. c. The Characteristics of Education Media Gerlach and Ely in Arsyad (2005: 12-14) propose three characteristics of education media; those are fixative property, manipulative property, and distributive property. 1) Fixative property This characteristic explains the ability of media to record, save, continue, and reconstruct an event or object. The event or object can be put in the right order and rearranged using media such as photograph, video tape, audio tape, computer disc, and film. By this characteristic, an event that just  once in a life time can be perpetuated and rearranged for education 2) Manipulative property This characteristic enables an event to be transformed, so the event that needs long time can be shorted in order to be showed in class, for example the process of metamorphosis, the record of motion in sport class, the plant treatment, et cetera. 3) Distributive property This kind of characteristics enables an object or event to be transported through space and be served together in a number of students, in which each other get the same experiences. Once information was recorded, it can be reproduced for many times and be together in many different places. d. The Importance of Media in Teaching The importance of media can be seen from its roles and functions in education. As stated by Prawiradilaga and Siregar, media have two main roles, those are: media as AVA (audio visual aids) so it can give the students concrete experiences and media as communication so it can connect the students as receivers with the material in order that it can be received well (2004: 6). In the next pages, Prawiradilaga and Siregar (2004:8-13) explain the detail functions of media are: 1) Give the knowledge about the learning goals 2) Motivate the students 3) Present the information 4) Stimulate the discussion 5) Lead the students’ activities 6) Do the exercises and quizzes 7) Strength the learning process 8) Give the simulation experiences Meanwhile, Encyclopedia of Educational Research in Arsyad (2005: 25) elaborates the functions of media in teaching as follow: 1) Put on the concrete basics to think, so it decreases the verbalism 2) Improve the students’ attention. 3) Put on the important basics for the development of study, so it makes the lesson more steady 4) Give real experiences for the students so they can effort by them self 5) Emerge the regular and continued thinking, especially about life pictures 6) Help the emerge of understanding that can help the students’ language development 7) Give experiences that cannot be achieved by the other way and give the efficiency and variety in the way of study Besides, Nugraha adds the importance of media (http://yudinugraha. co. cc ), such as: 1) The presentation of the material becomes more standard. 2) The arrangement of the media that is structured and planned well helps the teacher teaches in the same quality and quantity for all classes. 3) The learning process is more interesting and interacting. 4) The students are more active. 5) It is efficient in using time. 6) The learning quality of the students can be improved. 7) Et cetera. e. The Ways in Choosing Media in Teaching Sudirman (1991) in Nugraha (http://yudinugraha. co. cc ) proposes three principles of choosing media in teaching as follow: 1) The goal of choosing media. The choosing of the media that will be used should be based on the goal of its choosing. 2) The characteristic of media. Each media has its own characteristic so it should be adjusted with the material. 3) Alternative choices. Choosing media is the process of making decision and many of alternative choices. Besides the principles above, according to Aristo, the factors that should be taken into account in choosing media are (http://aristorahadi. wordpress. com): 1) Objectivity. A teacher should be objective. It means that a teacher cannot choose the media based own his own. 2) Learning program. The media that will be used should be suited with the level of the students. 3) Technical quality. Technically, the media used should be checked whether it is filling the requirement or not. 4) The effectiveness. Are the media can help the students achieve the learning goal? 5) Time. How long time is needed to prepare and present this media? 6) Cost. The cost that should be paid to present this media must be adjusted with the budget. 7) Availability. The easiness of finding this media should be considered too. If the media we look for are not available, we can substitute it with other media that are suitable. 2. Narrative Video a. The Definition of Narrative Video Video is one of media used to convey the learning’s message. In Oxford Learner’s Dictionary, video is defined as type of magnetic tape used for recording moving pictures and sound (1995: 1327). It means that video has two elements, those are audio and visual. The audio enables the students to receive the message using their hearing and the visual enables the students to receive the message using their eyesight. According to Sadiman (2002: 76), the message presented in the video can be a fact or fictitious, can be informative, educative, or instructive. It is informative, it means that much information from many experts in this world can be recorded in video tape, so it can be received by the students everywhere they are. Video is also educative and instructive; it means that the message of the video can give concrete experiences to the students, so they can apply it in their daily life. Related to narrative, narrative can be defined based on its social function, generic structure, and language feature as a text which says the past activities or event which concerns on the problematic experience and resolution in order to amuse and even give the moral messages to the reader. Considering the definition above, narrative video can be describe as a certain kind of magnetic tape used for recording moving pictures and sound about past activities or event which concerns on the problematic experience and resolution in order to amuse and even give the moral messages to the reader. b. The Benefit of Using Narrative Video in Teaching Generally, the benefit of using narrative video in teaching is quite the same as the benefit of using other videos in teaching. According to Sadiman dkk, (2002:76-77) video has some benefits, those are: 1) It can catch the students’ attention easily. 2) Much information from many experts in this world can be recorded in video tape, so it can be received by the students everywhere they are. 3) The difficult demonstration can be prepared before, so the teacher is able to concern on his presentation. 4) It is more efficient in using time. 5) It can present dangerous object that cannot be brought into the class. 6) The volume can be adjusted. 7) The picture can be frozen so it can be inserted the teacher’s comment. 8) The light of the room does not need to be turn off. c. The Purposes of the Use of Narrative Video in Teaching Anderson (1994: 104-105) proposes some purposes of the use of video in teaching. These purposes are divided into three aspect, for cognitive aspect, for psychomotor aspect, and for affective aspect. These purposes are the same with the purposes of narrative video in teaching, those are: 1) For cognitive aspect a) Develop the recall and motion skill. For example, the observation about relative speed and a moving object. b) Able to show a series of motionless pictures, without sound, as photo or bordered film c) Able to give knowledge about certain laws and principles d) Able to show the right way in having attitude in a performance, especially about the students’ interaction 2) For psychomotor aspect a) Able to show the skill about motion well because it can speed up or down so the motion can be observed clearly. b) The students get the feedback directly and visually about a motion so they can repair their motion well. 3) For affective aspect Video can be a good media to influence the attitude and emotion. For example, play a short story that is suitable with the topic. BIBLIOGRAPHY Aebersold, Jo ann and Mary Lee Field. 1997. From Reader to Reading Teacher. USA: Cambridge University Press Anderson, Ronald. 1987. Pemilihan dan Pengembangan Media dalam Pembelajaran. Jakarta: Rajawali Press Arsyad, Azhar. 2005. Media Pembelajaran. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada Brown, H. Douglas. 1994. Priciples of Language Learning and Teaching. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc. Burns, Anne. 1999. Collaborative Action Research for English Language Teachers. New York: Cambridge University Press. Dallman, Martha, Roger L.R. , Lynette Y. C. C. , John J. D. 1982. Reading . New York: CBS College Publishing Davies, Florence. 1995. Introducing Reading. England: Penguin Book Elliot, et al†¦ 1999. Educational Psychology: Effective Teaching, Effective Learning. Boston: Mc GrawHill. Grellet, Francoise. 1981. Developing Reading Skills: A Practical guide to Reading Comprehension Exercises. New York: Cambridge University Press Furchan, Arief. 1982. Pengantar Penelitian dalam Pendidikan. Surabaya: Usaha Nasional. Harmer, Jeremy. 1998. How To Teach English. Harlow: Longman Hartono, Rudi. 2005. Genre of Texts. Semarang: Semarang State University Heilman, Arthur W. 1961. Principles and Practices of Teaching Reading. Columbus: Charles E Merrill Books Inc. Hopkins, David. 1985. A Teacher’s Guide to Classroom Research. Philadelphia: Open University Press. Hornby, A. S. 1995. Oxford Advanced Learners’ Dictionary. New York: Oxford University Press Kartono, Kartini. 1983. Pengantar Metodologi Riset Sosial. Bandung: Penerbit Mandar Maju. Kennedy, Eddie C. 1981. Methods of Teaching Developmental Reading. USA: FE Peackock Publisher Inc. Nugraha, Yudi. _____. Media Pembelajaran dalam Pendidikan. Available at http://yudinugraha. co. cc Nunan, David. 1992. Research Method in Language Teaching. New York: Cambridge University Press. Pardiyono. 2007. Pasti Bisa! Teaching Genre-Based Writing. Yogyakarta: Andi Offset. Prawiradilaga, Dewi Salma dan Eveline Siregar. 2004. Mozaik Technology Pendidikan. Jakarta: Prenada Media Rahadi, Aristo. 2008. Bagaimana Memilih Media Pembelajaran. Available at http://aristorahadi. wordpress. com Sadiman, Arif S. Dkk. 2002. Media Pendidikan. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Perkasa Wallace, Catherine. 1996. Reading. New york: Oxford University Press Williams, Eddie. 1999. Reading in the Language Classroom. London: Pheonix FLT Zainul, Asmawi and Noehl Nasoetion. 1997. Program Pengembangan Keterampilan Teknik Intruksional (pekerti) Untuk Dosen Muda. Jakarta: Universitas Terbuka Jakarta Press. Zuber, Ortrun and Skerritt. 1996. New Directions in Action Research. London: Falmer Press. www. smanbanyumas. sch. id www. youtube. com IMPROVING STUDENT’S READING COMPREHENSION ON NARRATIVE TEXT USING NARRATIVE VIDEO (An Action Research at Tenth Grader of SMA Negeri Banyumas in Academic Year of 2010/2011) PRI WAHYUDI HERMAWAN K2208043 ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY 2010.

Unreliability of Appearances in A Dolls House Essay

Over the course of Henrik Ibens A Dolls House, appearances prove to be misleading, which, in turn lead to the revelation of the reality of the plays characters and situations. The first impressions of Nora, Torvald, and Krogstadt are all eventually undercut. Nora initially seems to be a silly, childish woman, but as the play goes on, we see that she is intelligent, motivated, and, in the end, a strong-willed, independent thinker. Torvald plays the role of the strong benevolent husband, but later reveals himself to be cowardly, petty and selfish when he thinks that Krogstadt might expose him to scandal. And once Krogstadt situation is explained, he evolves from a villainous character to more of a sympathetic one. Ibsen does a†¦show more content†¦Other minor characters, such as Mrs. Linde and Dr. Rank, are also given initial characterizations. Mrs. Linde appears to dislike Krogstadt, while Dr. Rank is originally led on to be Noras creditor, but as we would later find, neither was the case. There are several factors that contribute to each characters evolution. The change in Nora is sparked when she, without Torvalds knowledge, illegally borrows money to pay for their trip to Italy. She is dishonest with him and says the money came from her father. This is the first of many lies that Nora tells to her husband, before it all comes to a head. The deliberate dishonesty marks the first of many changes in her. Torvalds change in character may have been more of a suppression of traits, rather that a change of nature. He is a very proud man and he doesnt take well to humiliation. This hadnt been expressed very frequently due to the lack of embarrassment that he had endured in his life to date. But once there is a slight sign that his pride is in jeopardy or he is being made a mockery of, he reacts uneasily and negatively. At one point in the play, he fears that Krogstadt would make him a laughing stock before the entire staff. And toward the end of the play, he says his chief concern is saving the appearance of he and Noras household. When his image is in anyShow MoreRelatedHenrik Ibsen s A Doll s House1247 Words   |  5 PagesHenrik Ibsen’s â€Å"A Doll’s House,† at first take, is often seen as what he suggest by naming it as such. But, by reading carefully or watching, as it is a play, there are certain things to pick up that really help the play come together as so much more. Through his use of symbols, motifs, and reoccurring â€Å"women-based† themes, Henrik Ibsen effectively presents his characters, and the play as a whole, as a wonderful work of art and a great â€Å"problem play.† It is in the first line, that the season inRead MoreA Doll House by Henrik Ibsen7379 Words   |  30 PagesMa. Jennifer S. Yap Dr. Sherwin Perlas World Literature January 14, 2012 A Doll House by Henrik Ibsen Translated by Rolf Fjelde I. Introduction During the late nineteenth century, women were enslaved in their gender roles and certain restrictions were enforced on them by a male dominant culture. Every woman was raised believing that they had neither self-control nor self-government but that they must yield to the control of a stronger gender. John Stuart Mill wrote in his essay, â€Å"The Subjection